New onset nonischemic cardiomyopathy post liver transplantation

Coronary heart Fail Rev. 2021 Nov 19. doi: 10.1007/s10741-021-10196-5. On-line forward of print.

ABSTRACT

A brand new onset acute coronary heart failure (HF) with a sudden drop within the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) publish orthotopic liver transplant (LT) is a uncommon however a probably deadly complication. As a result of in a lot of the instances there is no such thing as a proof of coronary thrombosis, it may be labeled as nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Extra particularly, scientific presentation of this syndrome shares many options with stress-induced or takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The identified elements that predispose these sufferers to acute HF throughout or shortly after LT embody cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, speedy hemodynamic adjustments throughout LT surgical procedure, and the massive concentrations of catecholamines, both administered or launched endogenously throughout surgical procedure. The hemodynamic adjustments throughout surgical procedure, such because the drop in preload throughout the anhepatic part (often requiring huge transfusions and vasopressors) and subsequent improve in preload with acidic and hyperkalemic plasma within the reperfusion part, result in speedy electrolyte and hemodynamic shifts. In a number of instances, intraoperative onset of HF, with or with out ventricular arrythmia, may very well be timed to the reperfusion part (and sometimes within the anhepatic and pre-anhepatic phases). In different instances, the HF syndrome began hours to days post-surgery. Restoration of cardiac perform occurred within the majority of sufferers throughout the identical admission; nevertheless, these sufferers typically want considerably longer hospitalizations and aggressive supportive care (often requiring mechanical ionotropic and ventilatory assist). If get well, the sufferers have the same 1-year mortality as these LT sufferers that didn’t have this complication. As a result of no dependable danger stratification at present exists, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is perhaps probably the most reliable manner of detecting and addressing this syndrome promptly. Given the mechanism of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, beta-blockade and a preferential use of non-catecholaminergic vasopressors could also be an affordable strategy to handle this syndrome.

PMID:34799813 | DOI:10.1007/s10741-021-10196-5